HBIM for the digital integration of historical data. Applications for the Basilica of Sant'Agata Maggiore in Ravenna.

This study investigates the methodological opportunities offered by Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) for the digital documentation and preservation of heritage structures, using the Basilica of Sant’Agata Maggiore in Ravenna as a case study. The conservation of architectural heritage requires the management of heterogeneous data, such as structural transformations, material characteristics, and restoration interventions. HBIM provides a multi-layered and integrated information system to support this process. The focus of the thesis is the creation of a comprehensive "As-Built" HBIM model through the processing of point clouds obtained from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and the integration of archival documents into the digital model. The study is structured along three main axes: a seven-stage chronological transformation, a taxonomic inventory of spolia elements, and an analysis of the ground levels affected by Ravenna’s hydrogeological conditions. During the modeling phase, structural challenges posed by irregular vaults and complex geometries of the historic building were addressed using external digital tools to overcome the parametric limitations of standard object-based BIM software. In addition to geometric precision, the parameters necessary for data integration were customized and assigned to model components. This hybrid approach enabled the accurate transfer of non-standard geometries into the BIM environment while preserving the semantic richness of the building elements. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that HBIM extends beyond a mere visualization tool, offering a dynamic, queryable database and decision support system for restoration and conservation projects. The developed model optimizes interdisciplinary knowledge sharing and provides a sustainable digital infrastructure for cultural heritage management.