On The Gamma-Ray Emission From The Neutrino Emitter NGC 1068: Prospects For Future Ground-Based Observatories And Space-Based Missions

NGC 1068 is a nearby, well-studied Seyfert 2 galaxy that hosts both a bright active nucleus and a strong starburst region. Its obscured core, outflows, and composite structure make it ideal for studying the link between AGN activity, star formation, and cosmic-ray acceleration. IceCube has reported high-energy neutrinos from its direction, implying hadronic processes that should also produce gamma rays. This thesis investigates NGC 1068’s gamma-ray emission using data from LST-1, the prototype telescope of the future CTAO, which will offer unprecedented sensitivity from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV. Additional archival data from Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, and VLA provide a full multiwavelength context. The analysis yields upper limits at TeV energies and reveals background issues affecting the lowest energies. A second part models the starburst’s non-thermal emission, including hadronic and leptonic mechanisms producing synchrotron, Bremsstrahlung, inverse-Compton, and pion-decay radiation. By comparing these models with observations and LST-1 limits, a physically consistent scenario is identified that explains the observed spectral energy distribution. The work also examines the poorly explored MeV range and evaluates the future COSI mission’s ability to probe this gap. Overall, the study constrains NGC 1068’s very-high-energy output with LST-1 and highlights how upcoming facilities like CTAO and COSI will deepen our understanding of neutrino- and gamma-ray-producing galaxies.