Sustainability Performance Feedback Mechanisms for Early-Stage Architectural Design: An Energy-Based Approach

Decisions made during the early stages of architectural design profoundly influence energy performance throughout the building's entire lifecycle. However, existing energy consumption simulation tools are predominantly employed during design refinement or even post-completion, rendering them ill-suited to support early-stage scheme optimisation. This study proposes a sustainability performance feedback mechanism tailored for the early design phase. By introducing performance data into preliminary scheme decision-making, it enables design adjustments based on feedback before finalisation. Developed using DesignBuilder, the mechanism selects stable key parameters accessible during early stages, establishes target ranges according to relevant standards, and constructs a rule-based feedback structure. This translates performance deviations into explicit design adjustment recommendations. Research demonstrates that this mechanism delivers interpretable, feedback-driven performance cues without requiring complex simulation capabilities, thereby supporting iterative scheme optimisation. This approach transforms building performance from a late-stage settlement verification into an early design driver. It provides robust data and theoretical support for early project decision-making, enhancing transparency in initial choices while strengthening alignment between design intent and energy performance.