Re-use of mining site: a scientific literature review

Post-mining sites present significant environmental challenges and reclamation opportunities, influenced by mining heritage and societal economic contexts. This study explores the impact of open pit and underground mining on landscapes, ecosystems, and local economies, highlighting contamination, changes in terrain, and demographic changes after mine closures. Several adaptive reuse methods are being explored, including conversion into parks, tourist sites, renewable energy facilities, data center, agricultural warehouses and research center. The focus is on integrating ecological restoration with social and economic revitalization through sustainable land capacity restoration, stakeholder engagement, and flexible governance frameworks. Technological innovations such as digital twins, IoT monitoring, and AI-powered forecasting models are improving long-term planning, implementation, and management. The role of legal frameworks, economic feasibility assessments and joint partnerships between the private sector and government to support effective transformations is analyzed. Furthermore, considerations related to climate change adaptation have been integrated to ensure the stability of restored ecosystems and infrastructure. This comprehensive overview provides interdisciplinary insights into transforming degraded mining landscapes into functional and sustainable resources, balancing environmental safety with societal and economic benefits.