Receptive multilingualism across the North: The case of the Scandinavian languages

This thesis explores the phenomenon of receptive multilingualism (RM), a communicative mode in which speakers use their respective native languages while understanding each other without switching to a common language. Focusing on the Scandinavian context, specifically Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, the study investigates the linguistic and extra-linguistic factors that facilitate mutual comprehension among typologically related languages. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining theoretical frameworks and empirical research, the analysis identifies phonological similarity, lexical transparency, morphosyntactic alignment, exposure, and language attitudes as key determinants of RM. It also reviews methods for measuring intelligibility, such as comprehension tests, phonetic distance algorithms, and sociolinguistic surveys. The Scandinavian case illustrates how RM functions in both formal and informal settings, supported by institutional practices and media exposure. This research contributes to the broader understanding of multilingual interaction, offering insights for educational policy and international communication strategies.