Strengthening the role of Botanical Gardens as green public spaces in the historic city A design proposal for the Botanical Garden and Herbarium of Bologna (Italy)

Botanical gardens have evolved from medicinal plant collections into vibrant centers of biodiversity conservation, education, and sustainable urban design. This thesis explores their role in fostering ecological resilience, preserving cultural heritage, and promoting public engagement. Through case studies of Italian botanical gardens, including those in Padua, Rome, Milan, Pavia, and Bologna—the research examines historical transformations and contemporary functions. Special attention is given to Bologna’s Botanical Garden, analyzing its accessibility, spatial development, and contribution to the city’s network of green spaces. Botanical gardens today serve as dynamic landscapes that integrate scientific research, environmental awareness, and social inclusion, while addressing urban sustainability challenges. By bridging nature and human development, they reaffirm their role as vital spaces for environmental stewardship and cultural continuity. In addition to ecological and educational functions, botanical gardens contribute meaningfully to the architectural and urban character of historic cities. The design proposal for Bologna’s Botanical Garden reimagines its spatial boundaries and built elements—such as pathways, educational corridors, and gathering spaces—as agents of urban regeneration. By replacing physical barriers with connective landscape transitions and integrating flexible zones for public use, the project enhances permeability and strengthens the relationship between the garden and the surrounding university district. Architectural interventions, including shaded porticoes and interpretive installations, serve both aesthetic and functional purposes, enhancing accessibility, reinforcing identity, and fostering civic engagement. Ultimately, the proposal reaffirms the garden’s significance as a spatial catalyst for sustainable urban development and inclusive public life.