A methodological framework for improving access to basic services in inner areas: the case of inner Abruzzo

In Italy and throughout Europe, there has been an ongoing polarisation between urban centres and more rural and inner territories for decades. Inner areas, often characterised by mountainous or hilly terrain, face structural and socioeconomic challenges such as depopulation, limited access to essential services, and a progressive decline in quality of life. Part of the GRINS (Growing Resilient, Inclusive, Sustainable) project, the thesis studies the causes and effects of territorial polarisation, promoting equity, sustainability, and social cohesion. The thesis aims to propose a methodology to evaluate the accessibility and vulnerabilities of a territory, paying attention to mobility towards essential services, such as healthcare and education, especially for the most vulnerable population groups. Through the case study of Abruzzo, the thesis presents a place-based approach, based on in-depth knowledge of the territories and existing policies. The methodology integrates the analysis of territorial, environmental, demographic, and infrastructural data, which form the basis for mapping the existing territorial disparities and identifying the most critical areas in terms of accessibility and social fragility. The proposed approach aims to enhance local specificities through inclusive and participatory strategies, capable of strengthening the sense of community and stimulating bottom-up development processes. Inner areas can become laboratories of territorial, social, and ecological innovation, with flexible tools capable of adapting to different local contexts. In a framework of ecological and digital transition, inner areas can become an opportunity for innovative models of fair and sustainable development, overcoming the passive vision of these territories. The thesis aims to provide a theoretical-operational contribution for the construction of intervention strategies, oriented towards territorial cohesion and social, economic, and environmental regeneration.