Implementing BIM for existing buildings: structural modeling challenges and IFC evolution

This thesis critically explores the evolving role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in representing existing structures -masonry structures in particular- with a primary focus on structural modeling challenges. While IFC 4.3 introduces notable schema-level improvements, such as support for multi-material elements, degradation tagging, and boundary condition modeling, the practical implementation remains fragmented. Through the development of a prototype model, this study demonstrates how tool limitations and data loss persist across the model integration across different workflows, undermining seamless data exchange. Rather than proposing a definitive solution, the research highlights the current gap between BIM’s theoretical capabilities and its readiness for structural diagnostics in complex, aged buildings. The findings underline the need for adaptive strategies, improved toolchains, and a more critical approach to digital modeling in structural engineering practice.