Sustainability of road pavement: analysis of pervious granular materials for foundation layers

This study is a literature review which focuses on Pervious granular material, especially unbound granular materials. It looks at the mechanical performance, hydraulic behavior, and long-term durability of pervious granular materials used in foundation layers. Pervious granular materials are being used as alternative sustainable materials in pavement foundation designs. The materials' high porosity and permeability promote drainage, and reduce surface runoff. Unbound granular material (UGM) drainage performance is a crucial factor in pavement design since excessive moisture in UGM layers can eventually cause premature failures. In order to provide adequate drainage capacity while retaining sufficient structural support and creating more sustainable pavement designs, transportation agencies have recently been assessing the mechanical performance and drainage of granular base and subbase layers. Studies have shown that several factors, including grain size distribution, compaction, and load bearing capacity, are assessed using both laboratory and field tests. The results from these experiments can aid in the proper design of the pavement foundation, which will ensure adequate stability while enhancing permeability. The use of appropriate pervious granular materials in a foundation design can increase its performance, while resolving some environmental challenges. These aspects make pervious granular materials an valuable option for modern infrastructure projects.