Development and characterization of a novel composite material for bone regeneration and local drug delivery

Bone defects associated with bone infections present significant clinical challenges due to the need for both structural support and effective antimicrobial treatment. One critical aspect is bone loss, which can compromise the structural integrity and function of the affected area. Additionally, systemic antibiotic administration has often limited efficacy in delivering sufficient antibiotic concentrations to the infection site, reducing their effectiveness and increasing the risk of persistent or recurrent infections due to biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance.The objective of this study was to design and test a composite carrier able to provide a dual effect: controlled and localized drug release, as well as support for bone regeneration. The work was conducted in collaboration with GreenBone Ortho (Faenza - RA, Italy), which uses wood-derived material to obtain, through a series of chemical processes, biphasic calcium phosphate material for bone regeneration applications. Various formulations of the composite carrier have been tested, and methods have been found to evaluate the effect of different compositions on workability, setting time and integrity of the material. Observations led to the development of prototypes with handling properties suitable for surgical applications. The study simulated the release kinetics of the therapeutic agent, using an organic molecule, according to different proposed loading modalities. The results revealed that different loading methods significantly impacted on the elution kinetics. Further research is necessary to evaluate the biological performance of the material. In vitro and in vivo studies should assess cellular response, biocompatibility, osteointegration, and antimicrobial efficacy. The findings of the present work indicate that this innovative composite has the potential to address challenges associated with conventional treatment methods.