Life Cycle Assessment of an innovative mitigation measure for backward erosion piping: The LIFE SandBoil case study

Flooding, exacerbated by climate change, represents a critical global challenge, causing significant socio-economic and environmental impacts. Among the key failure mechanisms of embankments is backward erosion piping (BEP), which undermines structural stability and increases flood risks. Traditional mitigation measures, such as diaphragm walls, are effective but environmentally and economically unsustainable. This thesis investigates an innovative BEP mitigation measure developed under the LIFE SandBoil project. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and socio-economic evaluation, the study compares the environmental and socio-economic impacts of the LIFE SandBoil technology to those of traditional diaphragm walls. The LCA analysis, conducted with SimaPro software and the Ecoinvent database, adheres to ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. It employs a cradle-to-gate approach to evaluate CO₂ emissions and other environmental impacts. Socio-economic assessments, based on surveys, interviews, and counterfactual analysis, examine the broader implications of the innovative system for community resilience, economic feasibility, and stakeholder engagement. Results highlight the LIFE SandBoil system’s lower carbon footprint, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability across various contexts. This thesis concludes that the innovative technology aligns with sustainable development goals, offering a comprehensive, environmentally friendly, and economically viable solution to BEP challenges. Recommendations for scaling, stakeholder integration, and alignment with broader climate adaptation strategies are provided to enhance its application and impact.