Evaluating the Effectiveness of Managed Aquifer Recharge in Mitigating Saltwater Intrusion in the Ravenna Coastal Aquifer

This study investigates the effectiveness of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) configurations in mitigating saltwater intrusion in a coastal aquifer system, using steady-state numerical modeling with SEAWAT. A baseline scenario simulating 300 years of groundwater flow and solute transport provided initial concentration conditions for subsequent MAR simulations. Three MAR configurations, involving varying well placements and injection rates, were evaluated to identify optimal designs for enhancing freshwater retention and reducing salinity. Results demonstrated that a column configuration of wells (MAR3) achieved the most effective mitigation, reducing saltwater intrusion significantly, even with lower total injection rates compared to other configurations. While the study underscores the potential of MAR as a sustainable management strategy, it is limited by its steady-state approach, which does not account for transient dynamics or seasonal variations. Additionally, the simplified aquifer geometry and lack of real-world calibration restrict the direct applicability of the findings. Future work should incorporate transient simulations, sea-level rise projections, and real-time monitoring to enhance model realism. Integrating Artificial Intelligence into MAR optimization and adaptive management frameworks could further improve outcomes that can ensure resilience under evolving climate change and socioeconomic conditions. These insights provide a foundation for advancing sustainable groundwater management in coastal regions facing similar challenges.