Access roads feasibility study assessments of utility scale wind turbine projects as part of the energy transition of the Italian electricity system (case study: Firenzuola project)

Wind energy is integral to achieving renewable energy targets, and the transportation of large-scale wind turbine components presents significant challenges, particularly in regions with complex terrains like Italy. This thesis conducts a comprehensive feasibility study on access roads required for the Firenzuola wind turbine project, assessing the technical, legal, and financial aspects of transporting large wind turbine components. The study begins with an overview of wind energy's role in the energy transition, followed by a detailed examination of the materials used in wind turbines, the challenges associated with their transport, and the specific requirements for planning and routing. A literature review highlights global challenges in wind turbine transport, with a particular focus on blade and tower transport in the USA, and discusses innovative solutions to these challenges. The Firenzuola project is used as a case study to explore the characteristics of different transportation routes and the logistical considerations involved in moving wind turbine components from production sites to the installation location. The study assesses various road options, taking into account the physical dimensions of the components, the need for road modifications, and the legal and regulatory requirements that must be met. Key findings emphasize the importance of early and thorough planning to address potential obstacles such as road width, bridge capacities, and sharp curves. The thesis suggests conducting trial runs to anticipate and mitigate any issues during the actual transportation process. In conclusion, the study provides practical recommendations for optimizing road access strategies, highlighting the importance of considering both technical feasibility and regulatory compliance. By addressing these aspects, the transportation of wind turbine components can be streamlined, reducing costs and ensuring the timely completion of wind energy projects.