3D surveying technologies for the digitalization of historical urban areas: a case study in Bologna

The preservation of cultural heritage, particularly in urban environments, presents unique challenges and opportunities. This thesis explores the application of advanced surveying technologies - specifically a SLAM Laser Scanner and a high-level terrestrial laser scanner - in the intricate urban historical landscape of Via Zamboni, Bologna. The primary objective was to capture detailed architectural data of the UNESCO-recognized porticoes, contributing to the broader initiative of cultural heritage preservation. This study involved creating 3D point clouds of Palazzo Poggi and its porticoes using state-of-the-art surveying technologies. The focus was on evaluating the performance of the STONEX X120-GO SLAM Laser Scanner, particularly in the context of historical urban mapping. The research encompassed a metrical evaluation of the point clouds obtained, comparing the data captured by the SLAM laser scanner against those acquired through traditional surveying methods. The survey in Via Zamboni, a bustling and narrow street lined with tall buildings, presented a 'urban canyon' challenge, where the narrowness and height of the buildings impacted the accuracy and completeness of the data capture. Moreover, the constant movement of pedestrians introduced additional complexities, potentially leading to data inaccuracies. This thesis not only demonstrates the capabilities and limitations of modern surveying equipment in dynamic urban settings but also emphasizes the importance of such technological advancements in documenting and preserving our architectural heritage.