Upscale of ethanolamine-based solvents and potential HSE effects on the supply chain

An increase in ethanolamine production for carbon capture can be expected in the coming years, to meet climate change targets. Whilst the majority projects focus on technology optimization and net emission reduction, there is limited research on the HSE effects related to the supply chain. This report addresses how an upscale of 1 or more chemicals along the ethanolamine supply chain could lead to major accidents. Methods of analysis will tie in COMAH regulations, LOPA and ALARP. The study is a risk-based approach for loss prevention and applies PHRs, Root Causal Analysis and LOPA using a SIL derived Risk Matrix & Frequency Analysis. Based on market data (yearly production and key drivers) an increase in ethylene oxide can be expected. Ethylene oxide is a MAH substance under COMAH regulations and has been involved in several major accidents with the most recent in Tarragona, Spain (2020). This is due to its exothermic and explosive properties which include polymerisation, combustion, and decomposition at various temperatures. The frequency-consequence analysis suggests an intolerable risk associated with runaway reactions. Two main aspects are investigated for risk reduction and recommendations. The first is the adequacy in the design of safety systems and choice of barriers (SIS and non-SIS) on three high consequence events. The second is the identification of re-occurring failures and application of adequate layers of protection for loss prevention.