Quantum error correction and the toric code.

Quantum error correction is the main subject of this thesis. After a general introduction of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and quantum computing, the problem is presented and further analysed using two different approaches, one, more practical, based on quantum circuits and one, purely theoretical, based on the stabilizer formalism. Examples of the principal quantum codes are progressively supplied to help the comprehension. To conclude the attention is drawn to the Toric code which represents one of the most promising platforms to store quantum information.