Gravitational energy in astrophysics

Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field. In astrophysics, this energy plays a fundamental role in various processes, from star formation to regulating the maximum luminosity an accreting object, such as a black hole, can emit before radiation pressure counteracts gravity and slows further accretion. It also governs the dynamics of stars within galaxies. In this thesis, we explore the key aspects of gravitational energy in astrophysical phenomena. Chapter 1 focuses on the theoretical foundation, covering Newton’s laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. Chapter 2 applies these principles to astrophysical contexts, as discussed earlier.