Application of nanomaterials in historic masonry mortar

Architectural monuments are a proud element for any nation as they symbolize the country's "glorious past." It is essential to protect the "silent testimony" of society.Since restoration and maintenance are essential in rehabilitation, it is vital to study its techniques and improve our artistry by intensely studying and analyzing this topic. Historic masonry is among the most critical topics in restoring and rehabilitating historic buildings. Since masonry is a composite material that behaves differently due to its arrangement, bonds, and material properties,we must treat masonry at regular intervals. Historic masonry buildings are damaged over time by moisture and temperature fluctuations. Cyclic exposure to moisture, frost and environmental chemical pollutants destroys masonry and mortar joints.Mortar thinning in horizontal joints deteriorates the bond between mortar and bricks. The phenomenon of deterioration of mortars reduces the cross-sections of masonry structures and their load-bearing capacity. Investigating historic buildings and facilities aims to identify the building materials used, evaluate their current condition, and propose measures to preserve and structurally strengthen the buildings. Restoration of damaged historic masonry involves repairing defective joints and replacing damaged elements with new ones. Damaged bricks are replaced with new bricks of the same size and color. At the same time, joints are repaired with mortar of similar physical and mechanical properties as those similar physical and mechanical properties as the materials used initially in the historic buildings. In our study, we are mainly concerned with repairing damaged mortar joints and facades using nanomaterials as additives and as the main component of the repair work. Our study aims to propose a lime mortar that could have better performance than conventional mortars used for repair and the maintenance of historic masonry; since we want to improve mortar joints in restoration